The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.